In response to a comment in an APA I belong to, I made the following comment:
So far, we're not charging more to customers whose water requires more resources to deliver. I imagine a private water utility might be able to implement zoned pricing, with pumped pressure zones being charged for the energy required to pump the water up hill. And indeed, this would help to discourage people from building on tall hills, and in the long run yield a net savings of energy. Running the numbers, though, I'm not sure how much of an impact it would have. On average, each person uses 150 gallons of water per day. If we have a 100% efficient pump, it takes 4.65 KWH of power to lift that amount of water 10 feet. Now, running the numbers, each person uses, on average, 150 gallons of water per day. Lifting that amount of water ten feet takes some 4.65 KWH of power. A pretty good figure for pump efficiency os 50%, so it takes 9.3 KWH to run the pump to lift that water. Figure 10¢ per KWH of electricity, and you're looking at an additional 93¢ per day for every ten feet you have to pump the water uphill. A 100-foot rise would work out to $9.30 per day in additional charges. Fortunately, there are almost certainly intermediate pressure zones in between, so the people at 100 feet would be paying for the lift from those intermediate altitudes. (Maybe they shouldn't?)
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